Sunday, March 29, 2015
Saturday, March 21, 2015
quaid e azam speech
"Jinnah" redirects here. For other uses, see Jinnah (disambiguation).
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
محمد علی جناح
મુહમ્મદ અલી જિન્નાહ
1st Governor-General of Pakistan
In office
14 August 1947 – 11 September 1948
Monarch George VI
Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan
Preceded by The Earl Mountbatten of Burma (as Viceroy of India)
Succeeded by Khawaja Nazimuddin
Speaker of the National Assembly
In office
11 August 1947 – 11 September 1948
Deputy Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan
President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
Deputy Liaquat Ali Khan
Preceded by Office created
Succeeded by Liaquat Ali Khan
Personal details
Born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai
25 December 1876
Karachi, Bombay Presidency, British India
Died 11 September 1948 (aged 71)
Karachi, Pakistan
Political party
Indian National Congress (1906–20)
All-India Muslim League (1913–47)
Muslim League (1947–48)
Spouse(s)
Emibai Jinnah (1892–93)
Maryam Jinnah (1918–29)
Children Dina (by Maryam Jinnah)
Alma mater Inns of Court School of Law
Profession Lawyer
Politician
Religion Islam
Signature
Muhammad Ali Jinnah[a] (/ɑːˈliː/; Arabic pronunciation (help·info), born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.[1] Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and as Pakistan's first Governor-General from independence until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam[b] (Great Leader) and Baba-i-Qaum[c] (Father of the Nation). His birthday is observed as a national holiday.[2][3]
Born in Karachi and trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London, Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu–Muslim unity, helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, a party in which Jinnah had also become prominent. Jinnah became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League, and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims. In 1920, however, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha, or non-violent resistance, advocated by the influential leader, Mohandas Gandhi.
By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Indian Muslims should have their own state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War, the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a power-sharing formula for a united India, leading all parties to agree to separate independence for a predominately Hindu India, and for a Muslim-majority state, to be called Pakistan.
As the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish the new nation's government and policies, and to aid the millions of Muslim migrants who had emigrated from the new nation of India to Pakistan after the partition, personally supervising the establishment of refugee camps. Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Raj. He left a deep and respected legacy in Pakistan, though he is less well thought of in India. According to his biographer, Stanley Wolpert, he remains Pakistan's greatest leader.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
محمد علی جناح
મુહમ્મદ અલી જિન્નાહ
1st Governor-General of Pakistan
In office
14 August 1947 – 11 September 1948
Monarch George VI
Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan
Preceded by The Earl Mountbatten of Burma (as Viceroy of India)
Succeeded by Khawaja Nazimuddin
Speaker of the National Assembly
In office
11 August 1947 – 11 September 1948
Deputy Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan
President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
Deputy Liaquat Ali Khan
Preceded by Office created
Succeeded by Liaquat Ali Khan
Personal details
Born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai
25 December 1876
Karachi, Bombay Presidency, British India
Died 11 September 1948 (aged 71)
Karachi, Pakistan
Political party
Indian National Congress (1906–20)
All-India Muslim League (1913–47)
Muslim League (1947–48)
Spouse(s)
Emibai Jinnah (1892–93)
Maryam Jinnah (1918–29)
Children Dina (by Maryam Jinnah)
Profession Lawyer
Politician
Religion Islam
Signature
Muhammad Ali Jinnah[a] (/ɑːˈliː/; Arabic pronunciation (help·info), born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.[1] Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and as Pakistan's first Governor-General from independence until his death. He is revered in Pakistan as Quaid-i-Azam[b] (Great Leader) and Baba-i-Qaum[c] (Father of the Nation). His birthday is observed as a national holiday.[2][3]
By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Indian Muslims should have their own state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War, the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a power-sharing formula for a united India, leading all parties to agree to separate independence for a predominately Hindu India, and for a Muslim-majority state, to be called Pakistan.
As the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish the new nation's government and policies, and to aid the millions of Muslim migrants who had emigrated from the new nation of India to Pakistan after the partition, personally supervising the establishment of refugee camps. Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Raj. He left a deep and respected legacy in Pakistan, though he is less well thought of in India. According to his biographer, Stanley Wolpert, he remains Pakistan's greatest leader.
Return to politics
Beginning in 1933, Indian Muslims, especially from the United Provinces, began to urge Jinnah to return to India and take up again his leadership of the Muslim League, an organisation which had fallen into inactivity.[75] He remained titular president of the League,[f] but declined to travel to India to preside over its 1933 session in April, writing that he could not possibly return there until the end of the year.[76]Abdul Rahim Dard , an eloquent speaker, Prominent Ahmadiyya missionary and a prolific writer met Jinnah in March 1933 and tried to convince him to return to India being direly needed by the Indian Muslims. Dard told Jinnah that Jinnah's abandonment of politics in British India was dire for the Muslim cause. Jinnah agreed to return. To symbolize his return to politics, A R Dard arranged a lecture titled The Future of India which was presided over by Sir Nairne Sandeman in which Jinnah criticized the recent White Paper on Indian Constitutional Reform and argued for self-government by Indians.[77] at the Fazl Mosque in London in April 1933 to facilitate Jinnah's return to the political scene. In fact, Jinnah is quoted saying:
"The eloquent persuasion of the Imam (A R Dard) left me no way of escape".
— [78][79][80]
Among those who met with Jinnah to seek his return was Liaquat Ali Khan, who would be a major political associate of Jinnah in the years to come and the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. At Jinnah's request, Liaquat discussed the return with a large number of Muslim politicians and confirmed his recommendation to Jinnah.[81][82] In early 1934, Jinnah relocated to the subcontinent, though he shuttled between London and India on business for the next few years, selling his house in Hampstead and closing his legal practice in Britain.[83][84]
Muslims of Bombay elected Jinnah, though then absent in London, as their representative to the Central Legislative Assembly in October 1934.[85][86] The British Parliament's Government of India Act 1935 gave considerable power to India's provinces, with a weak central parliament in New Delhi, which had no authority over such matters as foreign policy, defence, and much of the budget. Full power remained in the hands of the Viceroy, however, who could dissolve legislatures and rule by decree. The League reluctantly accepted the scheme, though expressing reservations about the weak parliament. The Congress was much better prepared for the provincial elections in 1937, and the League failed to win a majority even of the Muslim seats in any of the provinces where members of that faith held a majority. It did win a majority of the Muslim seats in Delhi, but could not form a government anywhere, though it was part of the ruling coalition in Bengal. The Congress and its allies formed the government even in the North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.), where the League won no seats despite the fact that almost all residents were Muslim.[87]
Jinnah (front, left) with the Working Committee of the Muslim League after a meeting in Lucknow, October 1937
According to Singh, "the events of 1937 had a tremendous, almost a traumatic effect upon Jinnah".[88] Despite his beliefs of twenty years that Muslims could protect their rights in a united India through separate electorates, provincial boundaries drawn to preserve Muslim majorities, and by other protections of minority rights, Muslim voters had failed to unite, with the issues Jinnah hoped to bring forward lost amid factional fighting.[88][89] Singh notes the effect of the 1937 elections on Muslim political opinion, "when the Congress formed a government with almost all of the Muslim MLAs sitting on the Opposition benches, non-Congress Muslims were suddenly faced with this stark reality of near total political powerlessness. It was brought home to them, like a bolt of lightning, that even if the Congress did not win a single Muslim seat ... as long as it won an absolute majority in the House, on the strength of the general seats, it could and would form a government entirely on its own ..."[90]
In the next two years, Jinnah worked to build support among Muslims for the League. He secured the right to speak for the Muslim-led Bengali and Punjabi provincial governments in the central government in New Delhi ("the centre"). He worked to expand the league, reducing the cost of membership to two annas (⅛ of a rupee), half of what it cost to join the Congress. He restructured the League along the lines of the Congress, putting most power in a Working Committee, which he appointed.[91] By December 1939, Liaquat estimated that the League had three million two-anna members.[92]
Beginning in 1933, Indian Muslims, especially from the United Provinces, began to urge Jinnah to return to India and take up again his leadership of the Muslim League, an organisation which had fallen into inactivity.[75] He remained titular president of the League,[f] but declined to travel to India to preside over its 1933 session in April, writing that he could not possibly return there until the end of the year.[76]Abdul Rahim Dard , an eloquent speaker, Prominent Ahmadiyya missionary and a prolific writer met Jinnah in March 1933 and tried to convince him to return to India being direly needed by the Indian Muslims. Dard told Jinnah that Jinnah's abandonment of politics in British India was dire for the Muslim cause. Jinnah agreed to return. To symbolize his return to politics, A R Dard arranged a lecture titled The Future of India which was presided over by Sir Nairne Sandeman in which Jinnah criticized the recent White Paper on Indian Constitutional Reform and argued for self-government by Indians.[77] at the Fazl Mosque in London in April 1933 to facilitate Jinnah's return to the political scene. In fact, Jinnah is quoted saying:
"The eloquent persuasion of the Imam (A R Dard) left me no way of escape".
Among those who met with Jinnah to seek his return was Liaquat Ali Khan, who would be a major political associate of Jinnah in the years to come and the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. At Jinnah's request, Liaquat discussed the return with a large number of Muslim politicians and confirmed his recommendation to Jinnah.[81][82] In early 1934, Jinnah relocated to the subcontinent, though he shuttled between London and India on business for the next few years, selling his house in Hampstead and closing his legal practice in Britain.[83][84]
Muslims of Bombay elected Jinnah, though then absent in London, as their representative to the Central Legislative Assembly in October 1934.[85][86] The British Parliament's Government of India Act 1935 gave considerable power to India's provinces, with a weak central parliament in New Delhi, which had no authority over such matters as foreign policy, defence, and much of the budget. Full power remained in the hands of the Viceroy, however, who could dissolve legislatures and rule by decree. The League reluctantly accepted the scheme, though expressing reservations about the weak parliament. The Congress was much better prepared for the provincial elections in 1937, and the League failed to win a majority even of the Muslim seats in any of the provinces where members of that faith held a majority. It did win a majority of the Muslim seats in Delhi, but could not form a government anywhere, though it was part of the ruling coalition in Bengal. The Congress and its allies formed the government even in the North-West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P.), where the League won no seats despite the fact that almost all residents were Muslim.[87]
Jinnah (front, left) with the Working Committee of the Muslim League after a meeting in Lucknow, October 1937
According to Singh, "the events of 1937 had a tremendous, almost a traumatic effect upon Jinnah".[88] Despite his beliefs of twenty years that Muslims could protect their rights in a united India through separate electorates, provincial boundaries drawn to preserve Muslim majorities, and by other protections of minority rights, Muslim voters had failed to unite, with the issues Jinnah hoped to bring forward lost amid factional fighting.[88][89] Singh notes the effect of the 1937 elections on Muslim political opinion, "when the Congress formed a government with almost all of the Muslim MLAs sitting on the Opposition benches, non-Congress Muslims were suddenly faced with this stark reality of near total political powerlessness. It was brought home to them, like a bolt of lightning, that even if the Congress did not win a single Muslim seat ... as long as it won an absolute majority in the House, on the strength of the general seats, it could and would form a government entirely on its own ..."[90]
In the next two years, Jinnah worked to build support among Muslims for the League. He secured the right to speak for the Muslim-led Bengali and Punjabi provincial governments in the central government in New Delhi ("the centre"). He worked to expand the league, reducing the cost of membership to two annas (⅛ of a rupee), half of what it cost to join the Congress. He restructured the League along the lines of the Congress, putting most power in a Working Committee, which he appointed.[91] By December 1939, Liaquat estimated that the League had three million two-anna members.[92]
In England
In 1892, Sir Frederick Leigh Croft, a business associate of Jinnahbhai Poonja, offered young Jinnah a London apprenticeship with his firm, Graham's Shipping and Trading Company.[19] He accepted the position despite the opposition of his mother, who before he left, had him enter an arranged marriage with a girl two years his junior from the ancestral village of Paneli, Emibai Jinnah. Jinnah's mother and first wife both died during his absence in England.[20] Although the apprenticeship in London was considered a great opportunity for Jinnah, one reason for sending him overseas was a legal proceeding against his father, which placed the family's property at risk of being sequestered by the court. In 1893, the Jinnahbhai family moved to Bombay.[15]
Soon after his arrival in London, Jinnah gave up the apprenticeship in order to study law, enraging his father, who had, before his departure, given him enough money to live for three years. The aspiring barrister joined Lincoln's Inn, later stating that the reason he chose Lincoln's over the other Inns of Court was that over the main entrance to Lincoln's Inn were the names of the world's great lawgivers, including Muhammad. Jinnah's biographer Stanley Wolpert notes that there is no such inscription, but instead inside is a mural showing Muhammad and other lawgivers, and speculates that Jinnah may have edited the story in his own mind to avoid mentioning a pictorial depiction which would be offensive to many Muslims.[21] Jinnah's legal education at the Inns of Court followed the apprenticeship system, which had been in force there for centuries. To gain knowledge of the law, he followed an established barrister and learned from what he did, as well as from studying lawbooks.[22] During this period, he shortened his name to Muhammad Ali Jinnah.[23]
During his student years in England, Jinnah was influenced by 19th-century British liberalism, like many other future Indian independence leaders. This political education included exposure to the idea of the democratic nation, and progressive politics.[24] He became an admirer of the Parsi Indian political leaders Dadabhai Naoroji and Sir Pherozeshah Mehta. Naoroji had become the first Member of Parliament of Indian extraction shortly before Jinnah's arrival, triumphing with a majority of three votes in Finsbury Central. Jinnah listened to his maiden speech in the House of Commons from the visitor's gallery.[25][26]
Soon after his arrival in London, Jinnah gave up the apprenticeship in order to study law, enraging his father, who had, before his departure, given him enough money to live for three years. The aspiring barrister joined Lincoln's Inn, later stating that the reason he chose Lincoln's over the other Inns of Court was that over the main entrance to Lincoln's Inn were the names of the world's great lawgivers, including Muhammad. Jinnah's biographer Stanley Wolpert notes that there is no such inscription, but instead inside is a mural showing Muhammad and other lawgivers, and speculates that Jinnah may have edited the story in his own mind to avoid mentioning a pictorial depiction which would be offensive to many Muslims.[21] Jinnah's legal education at the Inns of Court followed the apprenticeship system, which had been in force there for centuries. To gain knowledge of the law, he followed an established barrister and learned from what he did, as well as from studying lawbooks.[22] During this period, he shortened his name to Muhammad Ali Jinnah.[23]
During his student years in England, Jinnah was influenced by 19th-century British liberalism, like many other future Indian independence leaders. This political education included exposure to the idea of the democratic nation, and progressive politics.[24] He became an admirer of the Parsi Indian political leaders Dadabhai Naoroji and Sir Pherozeshah Mehta. Naoroji had become the first Member of Parliament of Indian extraction shortly before Jinnah's arrival, triumphing with a majority of three votes in Finsbury Central. Jinnah listened to his maiden speech in the House of Commons from the visitor's gallery.[25][26]
Early years
Jinnah was born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai,[d] most likely in 1876,[e] to Jinnahbhai Poonja and his wife Mithibai, in a rented apartment on the second floor of Wazir Mansion, Karachi.[4] Jinnah's birthplace is in Sindh, a region today part of Pakistan, but then within the Bombay Presidency of British India. According to a Pakistani Author, Jinnah once said that his male ancestor was a Rajput from Sahiwal (Punjab) and had settled into Kathiawar (Gujarat), [5] Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousaf Raza Gillani also ascribes Rajput ancestry to Jinnah.[6] His father was a prosperous Gujarati merchant who had been born to a family of weavers in the village of Paneli in the princely state of Gondal (Kathiawar); his mother was also of that village. They had moved to Karachi in 1875, having married before their departure. Karachi was then enjoying an economic boom: the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 meant it was 200 nautical miles closer to Europe for shipping than Bombay.[7][8]
Jinnah's family was of the Ismaili Khoja branch of Shi'a Islam,[9] though Jinnah later followed the Twelver Shi'a teachings.[10] Jinnah was the second child;[11][12] he had three brothers and three sisters, including his younger sister Fatima Jinnah. The parents were native Gujarati speakers, and the children also came to speak Kutchi, Sindhi and English.[13] Except for Fatima, little is known of his siblings, where they settled or if they met with their brother as he advanced in his legal or political careers.[14]
As a boy, Jinnah lived for a time in Bombay with an aunt and may have attended the Gokal Das Tej Primary School there, later on studying at the Cathedral and John Connon School. In Karachi, he attended the Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam and the Christian Missionary Society High School.[15][16][17] He gained his matriculation from Bombay University at the high school. In his later years and especially after his death, a large number of stories about the boyhood of Pakistan's founder were circulated: that he spent all his spare time at the police court, listening to the proceedings, and that he studied his books by the glow of street lights for lack of other illumination. His official biographer, Hector Bolitho, writing in 1954, interviewed surviving boyhood associates, and obtained a tale that the young Jinnah discouraged other children from playing marbles in the dust, urging them to rise up, keep their hands and clothes clean, and play cricket instead.[18]
Jinnah was born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai,[d] most likely in 1876,[e] to Jinnahbhai Poonja and his wife Mithibai, in a rented apartment on the second floor of Wazir Mansion, Karachi.[4] Jinnah's birthplace is in Sindh, a region today part of Pakistan, but then within the Bombay Presidency of British India. According to a Pakistani Author, Jinnah once said that his male ancestor was a Rajput from Sahiwal (Punjab) and had settled into Kathiawar (Gujarat), [5] Former Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousaf Raza Gillani also ascribes Rajput ancestry to Jinnah.[6] His father was a prosperous Gujarati merchant who had been born to a family of weavers in the village of Paneli in the princely state of Gondal (Kathiawar); his mother was also of that village. They had moved to Karachi in 1875, having married before their departure. Karachi was then enjoying an economic boom: the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 meant it was 200 nautical miles closer to Europe for shipping than Bombay.[7][8]
Jinnah's family was of the Ismaili Khoja branch of Shi'a Islam,[9] though Jinnah later followed the Twelver Shi'a teachings.[10] Jinnah was the second child;[11][12] he had three brothers and three sisters, including his younger sister Fatima Jinnah. The parents were native Gujarati speakers, and the children also came to speak Kutchi, Sindhi and English.[13] Except for Fatima, little is known of his siblings, where they settled or if they met with their brother as he advanced in his legal or political careers.[14]
As a boy, Jinnah lived for a time in Bombay with an aunt and may have attended the Gokal Das Tej Primary School there, later on studying at the Cathedral and John Connon School. In Karachi, he attended the Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam and the Christian Missionary Society High School.[15][16][17] He gained his matriculation from Bombay University at the high school. In his later years and especially after his death, a large number of stories about the boyhood of Pakistan's founder were circulated: that he spent all his spare time at the police court, listening to the proceedings, and that he studied his books by the glow of street lights for lack of other illumination. His official biographer, Hector Bolitho, writing in 1954, interviewed surviving boyhood associates, and obtained a tale that the young Jinnah discouraged other children from playing marbles in the dust, urging them to rise up, keep their hands and clothes clean, and play cricket instead.[18]
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- Born in Karachi and trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn in London, Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress in the first two decades of the 20th century. In these early years of his political career, Jinnah advocated Hindu–Muslim unity, helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, a party in which Jinnah had also become prominent. Jinnah became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League, and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims. In 1920, however, Jinnah resigned from the Congress when it agreed to follow a campaign of satyagraha, or non-violent resistance, advocated by the influential leader, Mohandas Gandhi.
- By 1940, Jinnah had come to believe that Indian Muslims should have their own state. In that year, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution, demanding a separate nation. During the Second World War, the League gained strength while leaders of the Congress were imprisoned, and in the elections held shortly after the war, it won most of the seats reserved for Muslims. Ultimately, the Congress and the Muslim League could not reach a power-sharing formula for a united India, leading all parties to agree to separate independence for a predominately Hindu India, and for a Muslim-majority state, to be called Pakistan.
- As the first Governor-General of Pakistan, Jinnah worked to establish the new nation's government and policies, and to aid the millions of Muslim migrants who had emigrated from the new nation of India to Pakistan after the partition, personally supervising the establishment of refugee camps. Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Raj. He left a deep and respected legacy in Pakistan, though he is less well thought of in India. According to his biographer, Stanley Wolpert, he remains Pakistan's greatest leader.
Friday, March 20, 2015
Batting
His general style of batting is very aggressive and attack oriented and has earned him the nickname "Boom Boom Afridi". Moreover, out of the seven fastest ODI centuries of all time, Afridi has produced three of them.[86] As of May 2013, he has an ODI strike rate of 114.53 runs per 100 balls, the third highest in the game's history.[87] This attitude has been transferred to Test cricket as well, with Afridi scoring at a relatively high strike rate of 86.97.
He hits many sixes long and high, favouring straight down the ground or over midwicket. His trademark shot is a cross-batted flick to the leg-side to a ball outside off stump. However, his aggressive style increases his risk of getting out and he is one of the most inconsistent batsmen in cricket. This is reflected by the fact that he is the only player to score more than 7,000 ODI runs at an average under 25.[88] Afridi is the only player in the world who has scored 1,000 runs and 50 wickets in the T20 format of the game.[89] Afridi has moved about the batting order, and this lack of consistency has made it difficult for him to settle. In the Indian subcontinent, where the ball quickly loses its shine, he prefers to open the batting however elsewhere he prefers to bat at number six.[90]
His general style of batting is very aggressive and attack oriented and has earned him the nickname "Boom Boom Afridi". Moreover, out of the seven fastest ODI centuries of all time, Afridi has produced three of them.[86] As of May 2013, he has an ODI strike rate of 114.53 runs per 100 balls, the third highest in the game's history.[87] This attitude has been transferred to Test cricket as well, with Afridi scoring at a relatively high strike rate of 86.97.
International career
In October 1996 at the age of sixteen Afridi was drafted into the ODI team during the four-nation Sameer Cup 1996–97 as a leg spinner as a replacement for the injured Mushtaq Ahmed.[11] He made his debut on 2 October against Kenya, however he didn't bat and went wicketless.[12] In the next match against Sri Lanka, Afridi batted at number three in the role of a pinch-hitter. In his first international innings, Afridi broke the record for fastest century in ODI cricket, reaching his hundred from 37 balls. The eleven sixes he struck also equaled the record for most in an ODI innings.[13][nb 1] Aged 16 years and 217 days, Afridi became the youngest player to score an ODI century.[15] Pakistan posted a total of 371, at the time the second-highest in ODIs, and won by 82 runs; Afridi was named man of the match.[13] The record for fastest century in ODI was broken by New Zealand cricketer Corey Anderson on 1 January 2014 who hit 131* runs from 36 balls and is now held by South-African cricketer AB de Villiers who made a century from 31 balls on 18 January 2015 against West Indies.[16]
In October 1996 at the age of sixteen Afridi was drafted into the ODI team during the four-nation Sameer Cup 1996–97 as a leg spinner as a replacement for the injured Mushtaq Ahmed.[11] He made his debut on 2 October against Kenya, however he didn't bat and went wicketless.[12] In the next match against Sri Lanka, Afridi batted at number three in the role of a pinch-hitter. In his first international innings, Afridi broke the record for fastest century in ODI cricket, reaching his hundred from 37 balls. The eleven sixes he struck also equaled the record for most in an ODI innings.[13][nb 1] Aged 16 years and 217 days, Afridi became the youngest player to score an ODI century.[15] Pakistan posted a total of 371, at the time the second-highest in ODIs, and won by 82 runs; Afridi was named man of the match.[13] The record for fastest century in ODI was broken by New Zealand cricketer Corey Anderson on 1 January 2014 who hit 131* runs from 36 balls and is now held by South-African cricketer AB de Villiers who made a century from 31 balls on 18 January 2015 against West Indies.[16]
Two years after appearing on the international scene, Afridi made his Test debut in the third game of a three-match series against Australia on 22 October 1998.[17] By this point he had already played 66 ODIs, at the time a record before playing Tests.[18] He opened the batting, making scores of 10 and 6, and took five wickets in the first innings.[17] He played his second Test the following January during Pakistan's tour of India; it was the first Test between the two countries since 1990.[19] Again opening the batting, Afridi scored his maiden Test century, scoring 141 runs from 191 balls. In the same match he also claimed three wickets for 54 runs.[20] After winning the first match by 12 runs, Pakistan lost the second to draw the series.[21]
In 2001, Afridi signed a contract to represent Leicestershire. In five first-class matches he scored 295 runs at an average of 42.14, including a highest score of 164,[22] and took 11 wickets at an average of 46.45;[23] Afridi also played 11 one day matches for the club, scoring 481 runs at an average of 40.08[24] and taking 18 wickets at 24.04.[25] His highest score of 95 came from 58 balls in a semi-final of the C&G Trophy to help Leicestershire beat Lancashire by seven wickets.[26] Derbyshire County Cricket Club signed Afridi to play for them in the first two months of the 2003 English cricket season.[27] In June 2004 Afridi signed with English county side Kent to play for them in three Twenty20 matches and one Totesport League match.[28]
An innings-by-innings breakdown of Afridi's Test match batting career up to 30 December 2007, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line)
Afridi made his presence felt in the third Test against India in March 2005, scoring a quick-fire second-innings half-century and taking five wickets in the match (including Tendulkar twice) to help Pakistan to win the game and register a series draw.[29] In April Afridi struck what at the time was the equal second-fastest century in ODIs; he reached 100 off 45 deliveries against India, sharing the record with West Indian Brian Lara.[30] Afridi was more consistent with his batting and bowling throughout 2005, starting with the tours of India and West Indies and through to the England tour. The Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer helped Afridi to reach a fuller potential by improving his shot selection and giving him free rein over his batting attitude.
Shahid Afridi
Shahid Afridi (Urdu: شاہدآفریدی, born Sahibzada Mohammad Shahid Khan Afridi, also popularly known as Boom Boom Afridi, born on 1 March 1980)[2] is a Pakistani cricketer. Between 1996 and 2012, Afridi played 27 Tests, 350 One Day Internationals, and 59 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) for the Pakistani national team. He made his ODI debut on 2 October 1996 against Kenya and his Test debut on 22 October 1998 against Australia. Afridi has played more ODI matches than any other Pakistani cricket player.[3]
He is known for his aggressive batting style,[4] and previously held the record for the fastest ODI century in 37 deliveries. He also holds the distinction of having hit the most number of sixes in the history of ODI cricket,[5] and he hit the longest ever six in the history of cricket.[6] Afridi considers himself a better bowler than batsman, and has taken 48 Test wickets and over 350 in ODIs. Currently Afridi is third on the list of leading wicket takers in the Twenty20 format, behind Saeed Ajmal and Umer Gul of Pakistan, taking 73 wickets from 70 matches.[7] Shahid Afridi has signed to play for Sydney Thunder in Australia’s Twenty20 Big Bash league.[8] In June 2009, Afridi took over the Twenty20 captaincy from Younus Khan, and was later appointed ODI captain for the 2010 Asia Cup. In his first match as ODI captain against Sri Lanka he scored a century however Pakistan still lost by 16 runs. He then also took over the Test captaincy but resigned after one match in charge citing lack of form and ability to play Test cricket; at the same time he announced his retirement from Tests. He retained the captaincy in limited-overs form of the game and led the team in the 2011 World Cup. In May 2011, having led Pakistan in 34 ODIs, Afridi was replaced as captain. Later that month he announced his conditional retirement from international cricket in protest against his treatment by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). However, in October he reversed his decision. UNICEF and Pakistani authorities have taken Shahid Afridi on board for its anti-polio campaign in the tribal belt of lawless Waziristan region.[9
]
Shahid Afridi (Urdu: شاہدآفریدی, born Sahibzada Mohammad Shahid Khan Afridi, also popularly known as Boom Boom Afridi, born on 1 March 1980)[2] is a Pakistani cricketer. Between 1996 and 2012, Afridi played 27 Tests, 350 One Day Internationals, and 59 Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is) for the Pakistani national team. He made his ODI debut on 2 October 1996 against Kenya and his Test debut on 22 October 1998 against Australia. Afridi has played more ODI matches than any other Pakistani cricket player.[3]
He is known for his aggressive batting style,[4] and previously held the record for the fastest ODI century in 37 deliveries. He also holds the distinction of having hit the most number of sixes in the history of ODI cricket,[5] and he hit the longest ever six in the history of cricket.[6] Afridi considers himself a better bowler than batsman, and has taken 48 Test wickets and over 350 in ODIs. Currently Afridi is third on the list of leading wicket takers in the Twenty20 format, behind Saeed Ajmal and Umer Gul of Pakistan, taking 73 wickets from 70 matches.[7] Shahid Afridi has signed to play for Sydney Thunder in Australia’s Twenty20 Big Bash league.[8] In June 2009, Afridi took over the Twenty20 captaincy from Younus Khan, and was later appointed ODI captain for the 2010 Asia Cup. In his first match as ODI captain against Sri Lanka he scored a century however Pakistan still lost by 16 runs. He then also took over the Test captaincy but resigned after one match in charge citing lack of form and ability to play Test cricket; at the same time he announced his retirement from Tests. He retained the captaincy in limited-overs form of the game and led the team in the 2011 World Cup. In May 2011, having led Pakistan in 34 ODIs, Afridi was replaced as captain. Later that month he announced his conditional retirement from international cricket in protest against his treatment by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). However, in October he reversed his decision. UNICEF and Pakistani authorities have taken Shahid Afridi on board for its anti-polio campaign in the tribal belt of lawless Waziristan region.[9
Background
Afridi was born on 1 March 1980 in Khyber Agency of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. He is from the Afridi tribe of Pashtuns.[2] Afridi is married to Nadia and has four daughters.[10]
Thursday, March 19, 2015
Peshawari chappal
Peshawari Chappal is a traditional footwear of Pakistan worn especially by Pashtuns in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region. The shoe takes its name from the city of Peshawar,[1] where it originates from, while "chappal" is the local word for flip-flops. Peshawari chappal is worn by men casually or formally, usually with the Shalwar kameez dress. Because of its comfortableness, it is used in place of sandal or slipper in Pakistan.
It is a semi-closed footwear which consists of two wide strips where both strips are joined with the sole by crossing each other.[2] The back side has also a strip with a buckle to tie according to the foot size and level of comfort. It is traditionally made with pure leather with its sole often made of truck tyre. It is available in many traditional designs[3] and colors with various variations such as works of golden and silver threads which give the shoe a more elegant look. Peshawari chappals have spread and become increasingly popular[4] in other parts of Pakistan where wearing them with jeans has also become a fashion trend, especially among the urban youth.[5]
In March 2014, Peshawari Chappal became center of a global fashion debate when Sir Paul Smith (fashion designer) made a similar shoes and started selling it for £300.[6] This resulted into a social media outrage people claiming that the brand failed to credit original maker of Peshawari Chappal i.e the craftsmen of Pakistan. A petition on Change.org was signed by 1000+ urging the designer and UK Govt to correct the name. The petition resulted into action and the sentence 'inspired by Peshawari Chappal' was added to the Paul Smith shoes's page on the website.
Peshawari Chappal is a traditional footwear of Pakistan worn especially by Pashtuns in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region. The shoe takes its name from the city of Peshawar,[1] where it originates from, while "chappal" is the local word for flip-flops. Peshawari chappal is worn by men casually or formally, usually with the Shalwar kameez dress. Because of its comfortableness, it is used in place of sandal or slipper in Pakistan.
It is a semi-closed footwear which consists of two wide strips where both strips are joined with the sole by crossing each other.[2] The back side has also a strip with a buckle to tie according to the foot size and level of comfort. It is traditionally made with pure leather with its sole often made of truck tyre. It is available in many traditional designs[3] and colors with various variations such as works of golden and silver threads which give the shoe a more elegant look. Peshawari chappals have spread and become increasingly popular[4] in other parts of Pakistan where wearing them with jeans has also become a fashion trend, especially among the urban youth.[5]
In March 2014, Peshawari Chappal became center of a global fashion debate when Sir Paul Smith (fashion designer) made a similar shoes and started selling it for £300.[6] This resulted into a social media outrage people claiming that the brand failed to credit original maker of Peshawari Chappal i.e the craftsmen of Pakistan. A petition on Change.org was signed by 1000+ urging the designer and UK Govt to correct the name. The petition resulted into action and the sentence 'inspired by Peshawari Chappal' was added to the Paul Smith shoes's page on the website.
Shaista Lodhi (Urdu: شائستہ لودھی ) was a Pakistani Talk show host and TV Presenter.
Personal life[edit]
Lodhi was born in Karachi to Ali Gohar Lodhi and Roshan Taj Lodhi. She grew up in a family with three brothers (Amir Lodhi, Tahir Lodhi and Sahir Lodhi). She was the host of the morning show Good Morning Pakistan, which airs on Ary Digital. In the end of September 2010, she joined GEO[citation needed] and is now hosting a morning show of Pakistan 'Utho Jago Pakistan' on the same channel. The show was suspended on 15 May 2014 by the channel administration after alleged blasphemy during the show,[1] and she left Pakistan because of fears for her safety.[2]
Personal life[edit]
Lodhi was born in Karachi to Ali Gohar Lodhi and Roshan Taj Lodhi. She grew up in a family with three brothers (Amir Lodhi, Tahir Lodhi and Sahir Lodhi). She was the host of the morning show Good Morning Pakistan, which airs on Ary Digital. In the end of September 2010, she joined GEO[citation needed] and is now hosting a morning show of Pakistan 'Utho Jago Pakistan' on the same channel. The show was suspended on 15 May 2014 by the channel administration after alleged blasphemy during the show,[1] and she left Pakistan because of fears for her safety.[2]
Shaista Lodhi
Personal life[edit]
Lodhi was born in Karachi to Ali Gohar Lodhi and Roshan Taj Lodhi. She grew up in a family with three brothers (Amir Lodhi, Tahir Lodhi and Sahir Lodhi). She was the host of the morning show Good Morning Pakistan, which airs on Ary Digital. In the end of September 2010, she joined GEO[citation needed] and is now hosting a morning show of Pakistan 'Utho Jago Pakistan' on the same channel. The show was suspended on 15 May 2014 by the channel administration after alleged blasphemy during the show,[1] and she left Pakistan because of fears for her safety.[2]
Sahiwal cattle
Region of Sahiwal breed
The Sahiwal originated in the dry Punjab region which lies along the Indian-Pakistani border. They were once kept in large herds by professional herdsmen called "Junglies". With the introduction of irrigation systems to the region they began to be kept in smaller numbers by the farmers of the region, who used them as draught and dairy animals. Today the Sahiwal is one of the best dairy breeds in India and Pakistan. Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production they have been exported to other Asian countries as well as Africa and the Caribbean.
Characteristics[edit]
Their colour can range from reddish brown through to the more predominant red, with varying amounts of white on the neck, and the underline. In males the colour darkens towards the extremities, such as the head, legs and tail. The males have big hump; they have height at withers of 136 and 120 cm for males and females, respectively.
A typically red colored Sahiwal breed
It is tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its high resistance to parasites, both internal and external. Cows average 2270 kg of milk during a lactation while suckling a calf and much higher milk yields have been recorded. As oxen, they are generally docile and lethargic, making them more useful for slow work.
The Sahiwal is the heaviest milker of all Zebu breeds and display a well-developed udder. Sahiwals demonstrate the ability to sire small, fast-growing calves and are noted for their hardiness under unfavorable climatic conditions. Other characteristics include:
High milk yields
Tick and parasite resistance
Heat tolerant
Distribution[edit]
Due to its unique characteristics, Sahiwal breed is exported to wide list of countries and regions. The Sahiwal breed arrived in Australia via New Guinea in the early 1950s. In Australia, the Sahiwal breed was initially selected as a dual-purpose breed. It played a valuable role in the development of the two Australian tropical dairy breeds, the Australian Milking Zebu and the Australian Friesian Sahiwal. Sahiwal cattle are now predominantly used in Australia for beef production, as crossing high-grade Sahiwal sires with European breeds produced a carcass of lean quality with desirable fat cover. Sahiwal bulls have demonstrated the ability to sire small, fast-growing calves, noted for their hardiness under unfavorable climatic conditions.
The contribution of the Sahiwal breed to adaptability is well documented in Kenya, Jamaica, Guyana, Burundi, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and several ecological zones of Africa where Sahiwals have been crossed with exotic Bos taurus breeds that have a high response capability for milk and beef production but lack adaptability to local conditions. The present Sahiwal cattle in Kenya are descendants of some 60 bulls and 12 cows imported between 1939 and 1963. The Sahiwal breed also is considered unequalled in transmitted effects for milk production among Bos indicus breeds. Kenya is the main country in Africa with major resources of Bos indicus Sahiwal cattle and serves as an important source of stock and semen for the continent.
Similarly, this breed is also exported to many other regions of Asia including India. The cows are the heaviest milkers of all zebu breeds and display a well-developed udder.[2][3][4] In Pakistan the breed is being conserved by the Research Centre for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle.[5]
Their colour can range from reddish brown through to the more predominant red, with varying amounts of white on the neck, and the underline. In males the colour darkens towards the extremities, such as the head, legs and tail. The males have big hump; they have height at withers of 136 and 120 cm for males and females, respectively.
A typically red colored Sahiwal breed
It is tick-resistant, heat-tolerant and noted for its high resistance to parasites, both internal and external. Cows average 2270 kg of milk during a lactation while suckling a calf and much higher milk yields have been recorded. As oxen, they are generally docile and lethargic, making them more useful for slow work.
The Sahiwal is the heaviest milker of all Zebu breeds and display a well-developed udder. Sahiwals demonstrate the ability to sire small, fast-growing calves and are noted for their hardiness under unfavorable climatic conditions. Other characteristics include:
High milk yields
Tick and parasite resistance
Heat tolerant
Due to its unique characteristics, Sahiwal breed is exported to wide list of countries and regions. The Sahiwal breed arrived in Australia via New Guinea in the early 1950s. In Australia, the Sahiwal breed was initially selected as a dual-purpose breed. It played a valuable role in the development of the two Australian tropical dairy breeds, the Australian Milking Zebu and the Australian Friesian Sahiwal. Sahiwal cattle are now predominantly used in Australia for beef production, as crossing high-grade Sahiwal sires with European breeds produced a carcass of lean quality with desirable fat cover. Sahiwal bulls have demonstrated the ability to sire small, fast-growing calves, noted for their hardiness under unfavorable climatic conditions.
The contribution of the Sahiwal breed to adaptability is well documented in Kenya, Jamaica, Guyana, Burundi, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and several ecological zones of Africa where Sahiwals have been crossed with exotic Bos taurus breeds that have a high response capability for milk and beef production but lack adaptability to local conditions. The present Sahiwal cattle in Kenya are descendants of some 60 bulls and 12 cows imported between 1939 and 1963. The Sahiwal breed also is considered unequalled in transmitted effects for milk production among Bos indicus breeds. Kenya is the main country in Africa with major resources of Bos indicus Sahiwal cattle and serves as an important source of stock and semen for the continent.
Similarly, this breed is also exported to many other regions of Asia including India. The cows are the heaviest milkers of all zebu breeds and display a well-developed udder.[2][3][4] In Pakistan the breed is being conserved by the Research Centre for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle.[5]
Sahiwal is a breed of Zebu cattle which primarily is used in dairy production. Sahiwal originated from the Sahiwal district of Pakistan, a region in Punjab province of Pakistan.[1] They produce the most milk of all zebu breeds, followed by the very similar Red Sindhi and Butana breeds.
History[edit]
Region of Sahiwal breed
The Sahiwal originated in the dry Punjab region which lies along the Indian-Pakistani border. They were once kept in large herds by professional herdsmen called "Junglies". With the introduction of irrigation systems to the region they began to be kept in smaller numbers by the farmers of the region, who used them as draught and dairy animals. Today the Sahiwal is one of the best dairy breeds in India and Pakistan. Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production they have been exported to other Asian countries as well as Africa and the Caribbean.
Albums[edit]
His first album was released in 1983 and after that numerous albums have been released. There are 25 albums release till to date.
Recent albums, please note that this is not a complete list.
116 Sarkar Ka Madeenah (2014)
115 Mujhe Rang De (ARY QTV 2010)
114 Shaan Wala Sohna Nabi (Royal Records 2012)
113 Tajdar-e-Haram (Geo TV 2011)
112 Ya Ilahi Har Jaga Teri Ataa Ka Sath Ho (Geo TV 2011)
111 Nabi Ka Jashan Aaya (Royal Records 2010)
110 Dua (Karam Mangta Hoon) Royal Records 2009)
109 Tum Par Salam Har Dam (Royal Records 2009)
108 Taiba Ke Jane Wale (Saaqi Mein Tere Sadqay) (Geo TV 2008)
107 Rang Day Moula (FRS International 2008)
106 Mah-e-Noor Ka Hilal (FRS International 2007)
105 Aaqa Ka Milad Aaya (FRS International 2006)
104
103 Mein So Jaaon Ya Mustafa (Heera Stereo 2005)
102 Aaya Hai Bulawa Mujhe Darbar-e-Nabi Se (Heera Stereo 2005)
101 Ya Sayyedi (Heera Stereo 2005)
100 An-Nabi Sallu Aleh (ARY QTV 2005)
099
His first album was released in 1983 and after that numerous albums have been released. There are 25 albums release till to date.
Recent albums, please note that this is not a complete list.
116 Sarkar Ka Madeenah (2014)
115 Mujhe Rang De (ARY QTV 2010)
114 Shaan Wala Sohna Nabi (Royal Records 2012)
113 Tajdar-e-Haram (Geo TV 2011)
112 Ya Ilahi Har Jaga Teri Ataa Ka Sath Ho (Geo TV 2011)
111 Nabi Ka Jashan Aaya (Royal Records 2010)
110 Dua (Karam Mangta Hoon) Royal Records 2009)
109 Tum Par Salam Har Dam (Royal Records 2009)
108 Taiba Ke Jane Wale (Saaqi Mein Tere Sadqay) (Geo TV 2008)
107 Rang Day Moula (FRS International 2008)
106 Mah-e-Noor Ka Hilal (FRS International 2007)
105 Aaqa Ka Milad Aaya (FRS International 2006)
104
103 Mein So Jaaon Ya Mustafa (Heera Stereo 2005)
102 Aaya Hai Bulawa Mujhe Darbar-e-Nabi Se (Heera Stereo 2005)
101 Ya Sayyedi (Heera Stereo 2005)
100 An-Nabi Sallu Aleh (ARY QTV 2005)
Kaanchi (2015) Teaser Trailer
- Here's the official trailer of Kaanchi - the unbreakable. Watch the attractive, disobedient and resolute Mishti within the official trailer of Kaanchi. The film is directed by Subhash Ghai star debutant Mishti with Karthik Aryan.Directed by: Subhash GhaiProduced by: Mukta ArtsMusic by: Ismail Darbar & Andres Martinez SulaimanLyrics by: Irshad KamilKaanchi is slated to unleash on twenty fifth Gregorian calendar month, 2014
Revolver Rani (2015) Teaser Trailer
Revolver ranee may be a satiric and strange romance set against the rear drop of politics. It's concerning Alka Gujjar (aka Revolver Rani), the leader of a organisation, and her obsessional love for Rohan Mehra, a rising star of Bollywood.The film is written & directed by Sai Kabir and slated for unharness on eleventh April, 2014.
I Feel Lucky Whenever Perform In INDIA Attaullah Khan
Pakistani legend singer Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi has aforementioned that whereas I perform in Bharat then i detected and feels that am very lucky person, as a results of uncounted fans torrential likes American state and my songs.
Pakistani singer Attaullah Khan is anticipating his initial open execution in Bharat at a mega show of late. The 62-year-old Pakistani Pride of Execution recompense victor, will perform variety of his celebrated melodies in ‘”Ibaadat” Mehfil-e-Ruhaaniyat’, that is ready to be command at Purana Quila here. “I don’t skills to retort but i am performed in Bharat initial time with giant crowed.
Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi has any aforementioned that “Ibaadat” intends to be humble before Allah… profit one factor for grouping and conjointly the those who take under consideration others. folks may find time for with distinctive nations, but most are same in Allah’s eye. Humanity is one in every of Allah’s stunning manifestations and conjointly the those who ar lowly, build Supreme Being cheerful,” aforementioned the veteran creator, World Health Organization is otherwise referred to as ‘Lala’.
Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi aforementioned that he determined to help the matter of cervical malignancy attentiveness on the grounds that it fully was the first run through anybody had approached him for a superb reason.
The artist, World Health Organization ar providing the stage to Indian Sufi musician Harshdeep Kaur, aforementioned that among the event that he gets a chance, he might need to work in conjunction with specialists from here.
“In the event that i purchase a chance, then i am going to anticipate it. i feel all the craftsmen ar skilful and I’ll be happy to work with any of them.
A local court of Lahore ordered FIA to file a case against Meera and Capt Naveed over ‘controversial video clip’
LAHORE: a neighborhood court of urban center on Wed ordered the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) to file a case against film role player Meera and Capt Naveed over ‘controversial video clip’.During the hearing, police privy the court that the correct to register a case against Meera and Naveed was within the jurisdiction of the FIA as a result of it absolutely was a cyber crime.
- On police argument the court ordered the FIA to register a case and gift a report back to the court on the issue.
- A petition was submitted among that the petitioner had declared that the disputable video of the couple has defamed the state.
- The court once activity of varied summons to the couple and their continual absence, asked police among the last hearing to file case against them then inform the court.
- On the alternative hand, role player Meera had denied the video’s quality and termed it as an endeavor to undermine her position and credibility.
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